MetabolicUnregulated/Therapeutic
Liraglutide
Synonyms: Victoza, Saxenda, NN2211
Sequence: H-His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys(gGlu-N-hexadecanoyl)-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH
History & Discovery Timeline
Liraglutide was developed by Novo Nordisk in the late 1990s (patented 1997) as a daily-dose GLP-1 receptor agonist designed for diabetes treatment.
What it is: Liraglutide is a synthetic peptide containing a modified sequence of human GLP-1 with a C16 fatty acid chain attached. It is classified as a Metabolic peptide (brand names Victoza, Saxenda).
Proposed Mechanisms & Research Findings: It activates GLP-1 receptors to stimulate insulin release, inhibit glucagon secretion, and delay gastric emptying, leading to improved glycemic control and satiety.
Regulatory & Safety Status: It is FDA approved for Type 2 Diabetes (2010) and obesity (2014). Prescriptions must be filled by licensed pharmacies; gray-market products carry high risk of impurities.
Athletic & Anti-Doping Status: It is under WADA monitoring and is not prohibited in sports, though body composition shifts must be clinically managed.
Understanding Liraglutide Key Facts
Primary Target System:NEUROENDOCRINE
Residue Count / Length:35 Amino Acids
Primary Action & Category:GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (Metabolic)
Primary Receptors:GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R)
Figure 1: Detailed molecular mechanism pathways of Liraglutide (click to enlarge).